ABSTRACT

Throughout the history of Buddhism, little has been said prior to the Twentieth Century that explicitly raises the question whether we have free will, though the Buddha rejected fatalism and some Buddhists have addressed whether karma is fatalistic. Recently, however, Buddhist and Western philosophers have begun to explicitly discuss Buddhism and free will.

This book incorporates Buddhist philosophy more explicitly into the Western analytic philosophical discussion of free will, both in order to render more perspicuous Buddhist ideas that might shed light on the Western philosophical debate, and in order to render more perspicuous the many possible positions on the free will debate that are available to Buddhist philosophy. The book covers:

  • Buddhist and Western perspectives on the problem of free will
  • The puzzle of whether free will is possible if, as Buddhists believe, there is no agent/self
  • Theravāda views
  • Mahāyāna views
  • Evidential considerations from science, meditation, and skepticism

The first book to bring together classical and contemporary perspectives on free will in Buddhist thought, it is of interest to academics working on Buddhist and Western ethics, comparative philosophy, metaphysics, philosophy of mind, philosophy of action, agency, and personal identity.

chapter |10 pages

Introduction

Hermeneutical koan—what is the sound of one Buddhist theory of free will?

chapter |11 pages

Uses of the illusion of agency

Why some Buddhists should believe in free will

chapter |14 pages

Just another word for ‘nothing left to lose'

Freedom, agency, and ethics for Mādhyamikas

chapter |13 pages

Negative dialectics in comparative philosophy

The case of Buddhist free will quietism

chapter |14 pages

Freedom from responsibility

Agent-neutral consequentialism and the bodhisattva ideal

chapter |10 pages

Buddhism and free will

Beyond the ‘free will problem'

chapter |10 pages

Degrees of freedom

The Buddha's implied views on the (im)possibility of free will

chapter |12 pages

Psychological versus metaphysical agents

A Theravāda Buddhist view of free will and moral responsibility

chapter |12 pages

Emotions and choice

Lessons from Tsongkhapa

chapter |11 pages

Grasping snakes

Reflections on free will, samādhi, and dharmas

chapter |14 pages

Agentless agency

The soft compatibilist argument from Buddhist meditation, mind-mastery, evitabilism, and mental freedom