ABSTRACT
In 1996, Garland published the second edition of the Encyclopedia of Police Science, edited by the late William G. Bailey. The work covered all the major sectors of policing in the US. Since then much research has been done on policing issues, and there have been significant changes in techniques and in the American police system. Technological advances have refined and generated methods of investigation. Political events, such as the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 in the United States, have created new policing needs while affecting public opinion about law enforcement. These developments appear in the third, expanded edition of the Encyclopedia of Police Science. 380 entries examine the theoretical and practical aspects of law enforcement, discussing past and present practices.
The added coverage makes the Encyclopedia more comprehensive with a greater focus on today's policing issues. Also added are themes such as accountability, the culture of police, and the legal framework that affects police decision. New topics discuss recent issues, such as Internet and crime, international terrorism, airport safety, or racial profiling. Entries are contributed by scholars as well as experts working in police departments, crime labs, and various fields of policing.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
letter 1A|90 pages
entry |5 pages
Abatement of Nuisance Property Seizure
entry |6 pages
Abuse of Authority by Police
entry |4 pages
Academies, Police
entry |4 pages
Accidental Deaths/Assaults Against Police and Murder of Police Officers
entry |9 pages
Accountability
entry |3 pages
Administration of Police Agencies, Theories of
entry |4 pages
Age and Crime
entry |5 pages
Airport Safety and Security
entry |2 pages
Alarms as Crime Prevention
entry |4 pages
Alcohol, Drugs, and Crime
entry |6 pages
American Policing: Early Years
entry |6 pages
Arrest Powers of the Police
entry |3 pages
Arson and its Investigation
entry |5 pages
Asian Policing Systems
entry |3 pages
Assessment Centers, Personnel
entry |2 pages
Atlanta Police Department
entry |2 pages
Attitudes Toward the Police: Measurement Issues
entry |6 pages
Attitudes Toward the Police: Overview
entry |3 pages
Australian Policing
entry |4 pages
Authority within Police Organizations
entry |2 pages
Autonomy and the Police
entry |2 pages
Aviation Applications to Policing
letter 91B|38 pages
entry |2 pages
Bertillon System
entry |2 pages
Bittner, Egon
entry |5 pages
Boston Community Policing
entry |2 pages
Boston Police Department
entry |3 pages
Boston Police Strike
entry |8 pages
British Policing
entry |6 pages
Broken-Windows Policing
entry |3 pages
Budgeting, Police
entry |2 pages
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives
entry |3 pages
Burglary and Police Response
entry |2 pages
Business Districts, Policing
letter 129C|245 pages
entry |4 pages
Calls for Service
entry |4 pages
Campus Police
entry |3 pages
Canadian Policing
entry |3 pages
Canine Units
entry |2 pages
Capital Crimes and Capital Punishment
entry |5 pages
Caribbean Policing
entry |3 pages
Case Screening and Case Management for Investigations
entry |3 pages
Changing Demographics in Policing
entry |3 pages
Charlotte-Mecklenburg Police Department
entry |5 pages
Chicago Community Policing
entry |3 pages
Child Abuse and its Investigation
entry |6 pages
Citizen Complaints in the New Police Order
entry |2 pages
Citizen Police Academies
entry |3 pages
Civil Restraint in Policing
entry |5 pages
Civilian Review Boards
entry |3 pages
Clearance Rates and Criminal Investigations
entry |3 pages
Closed-Circuit Television Applications for Policing
entry |3 pages
Codes of Ethics
entry |5 pages
Community Attitudes Toward the Police
entry |5 pages
Community-Oriented Policing: Effects and Impacts
entry |4 pages
Community-Oriented Policing: History
entry |3 pages
Community-Oriented Policing: International
entry |3 pages
Community-Oriented Policing: Practices
entry |3 pages
Community-Oriented Policing: Rationale
entry |3 pages
Community Watch Programs
entry |4 pages
Complaints Against Police
entry |9 pages
Compstat
entry |2 pages
Computer-Aided Dispatching (CAD) Systems
entry |5 pages
Computer Crimes
entry |3 pages
Computer Forensics
entry |3 pages
Computer Technology
entry |2 pages
Conflict Management
entry |2 pages
Constables
entry |3 pages
Constitutional Rights: In-Custody Interrogation
entry |5 pages
Constitutional Rights: Privacy
entry |2 pages
Constitutional Rights: Search and Seizure
entry |6 pages
Continental Europe, Policing in
entry |5 pages
Corruption
entry |5 pages
Costs of Police Services
entry |3 pages
Courtroom Testimony and “Testilying”
entry |3 pages
Courts
entry |3 pages
Crackdowns by the Police
entry |10 pages
Crime Analysis
entry |6 pages
Crime and Place, Theories of
entry |3 pages
Crime Commissions
entry |5 pages
Crime Control Strategies
entry |4 pages
Crime Control Strategies: Alcohol and Drugs
entry |2 pages
Crime Control Strategies: Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
entry |3 pages
Crime Control Strategies: Gun Control
entry |3 pages
Crime Control Strategies: More Police
entry |2 pages
Crime Control Strategies: Selective Prosecution/Incarceration
entry |3 pages
Crime Laboratory
entry |5 pages
Crime Mapping
entry |7 pages
Crime Prevention
entry |3 pages
Crime Scene Search and Evidence Collection
entry |4 pages
Crime, Serious
entry |3 pages
Crime, Serious Violent
entry |2 pages
Crimestoppers
entry |3 pages
Criminal Careers
entry |2 pages
Criminal History Information
entry |4 pages
Criminal Informants
entry |4 pages
Criminal Investigation
entry |4 pages
Criminology
entry |3 pages
Critical Incidents
entry |3 pages
Crowd/Riot Control
entry |3 pages
Cynicism, Police
letter 375D|83 pages
entry |3 pages
Dallas Police Department
entry |2 pages
Danger and Police Work
entry |6 pages
Deadly Force
entry |5 pages
Department of Homeland Security
entry |7 pages
Detective Work/Culture
entry |3 pages
Detectives
entry |2 pages
Deviant Subcultures in Policing
entry |3 pages
Differential Police Response
entry |6 pages
Discretion
entry |7 pages
Discrimination
entry |2 pages
Dispatch and Communications Centers
entry |4 pages
Dispute Resolution, Community
entry |3 pages
Diversity in Police Departments
entry |3 pages
DNA Fingerprinting
entry |6 pages
Domestic (or Intimate Partner) Violence and The Police
entry |4 pages
Drug Abuse Prevention Education
entry |3 pages
Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.)
entry |4 pages
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
entry |2 pages
Drug Interdiction
entry |4 pages
Drug Markets
entry |4 pages
Drunk Driving
letter 459E|37 pages
entry |3 pages
Early Warning Systems
entry |4 pages
Education and Training
entry |3 pages
Elderly and Crime
entry |5 pages
Emergency Management and Planning
entry |2 pages
Entrapment
entry |4 pages
Environmental Crime
entry |2 pages
Ethics and Values in the Context of Community Policing
entry |7 pages
Excessive Force
entry |3 pages
Exclusionary Rule
entry |4 pages
Eyewitness Evidence
letter 497F|92 pages
entry |4 pages
Fear of Crime
entry |2 pages
Fear of Litigation
entry |3 pages
Federal Bureau of Investigation
entry |2 pages
Federal Bureau of Investigation Training Academy
entry |6 pages
Federal Commissions and Enactments
entry |2 pages
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC)
entry |3 pages
Federal Police and Investigative Agencies
entry |4 pages
Fencing Stolen Property
entry |4 pages
Field Training and Evaluation Program
entry |4 pages
Fingerprinting
entry |5 pages
Firearms Availability and Homicide Rates
entry |5 pages
Firearms: Guns and the Gun Culture
entry |3 pages
Firearms: History
entry |6 pages
Firearms Regulation and Control
entry |4 pages
Firearms Tracing
entry |3 pages
Foot Patrol
entry |4 pages
Forensic Evidence
entry |4 pages
Forensic Investigations
entry |3 pages
Forensic Medicine
entry |5 pages
Forensic Science
entry |2 pages
Fosdick, Raymond B.
entry |4 pages
Fraud Investigation
entry |7 pages
Future of International Policing
entry |4 pages
Future of Policing in the United States
letter 589G|17 pages
entry |4 pages
Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T.)
entry |6 pages
Gender and Crime
entry |7 pages
“Good” Policing
letter 607H|38 pages
entry |10 pages
Hate Crime
entry |4 pages
History of American Policing
entry |8 pages
Homeland Security and Law Enforcement
entry |3 pages
Homicide and Its Investigation
entry |3 pages
Homicide: Unsolved
entry |2 pages
Hoover, J. Edgar
entry |3 pages
Hostage Negotiations
entry |5 pages
Hot Spots
letter 645I|72 pages
entry |5 pages
Identity Theft
entry |5 pages
Immigrant Communities and The Police
entry |3 pages
Independent Commission of the Los Angeles Police Department (The Christopher Commission)
entry |4 pages
India, Policing in
entry |3 pages
Informants, Use of
entry |5 pages
Information Security
entry |5 pages
Information Within Police Agencies
entry |3 pages
Inspection
entry |3 pages
Integrity in Policing
entry |5 pages
Intelligence Gathering and Analysis: Impacts on Terrorism
entry |6 pages
Intelligence-Led Policing and Organizational Learning
entry |1 pages
International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP)
entry |5 pages
International Police Cooperation
entry |4 pages
International Police Missions
entry |4 pages
International Policing
entry |1 pages
Interpol and International Police Intelligence
entry |1 pages
Interpol
entry |5 pages
Interrogations, Criminal
entry |4 pages
Investigation Outcomes
letter 717J|25 pages
entry |3 pages
Jail
entry |2 pages
Jail Assaults
entry |3 pages
Juvenile Crime and Criminalization
entry |4 pages
Juvenile Delinquency
entry |4 pages
Juvenile Delinquency: Status Crimes
entry |3 pages
Juvenile Diversion
entry |6 pages
Juvenile Justice System
letter 743K|6 pages
entry |4 pages
Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment
entry |2 pages
Knapp Commission
letter 749L|19 pages
entry |3 pages
Law Enforcement Assistance Administration
entry |3 pages
Liability and High-Speed Chases
entry |3 pages
Liability and The Police
entry |3 pages
Liability and use of Force
entry |3 pages
Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department (LASD)
entry |4 pages
Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD)
letter 769M|51 pages
entry |7 pages
Managing Criminal Investigations
entry |3 pages
Media Images of Policing
entry |3 pages
Media Relations
entry |6 pages
Mental Illness: Improved Law Enforcement Response
entry |2 pages
Miami-Dade Police Department
entry |4 pages
Militarization of the Police
entry |3 pages
Military Police
entry |4 pages
Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment
entry |2 pages
Minorities and The Police
entry |3 pages
Mollen Commission
entry |6 pages
Money Laundering
entry |2 pages
Mounted Patrol
entry |6 pages
Multiethnic Communities: Interactive Model
letter 821N|39 pages
entry |3 pages
Nassau County (New York) Police Department
entry |2 pages
National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorder
entry |3 pages
National Association of Women Law Enforcement Executives (NAWLEE)
entry |2 pages
National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
entry |3 pages
National Organizations of Blacks in Law Enforcement
entry |5 pages
Neighborhood Effects on Crime and Social Organization
entry |3 pages
Neighborhood Watch
entry |5 pages
New York Police Department (NYPD)
entry |6 pages
Niederhoffer, Arthur
entry |3 pages
Nonlethal (Or Less-Than-Lethal) Weapons: History
entry |4 pages
Nonlethal Weapons: Empirical Evidence
letter 861O|30 pages
entry |5 pages
Oakland Police Department
entry |7 pages
Occupational Culture
entry |3 pages
Offender Profiling
entry |2 pages
Office of Community-Oriented Police Services, U.S. Department of Justice
entry |3 pages
Operational Costs
entry |3 pages
Order Maintenance
entry |3 pages
Organizational Structure: Theory and Practice
entry |4 pages
Organized Crime
letter 891P|202 pages
entry |6 pages
Patriot Acts I And II
entry |1 pages
Patriot II
entry |5 pages
Patrol, Types and Effectiveness of
entry |2 pages
Pennsylvania State Police
entry |7 pages
Performance Measurement
entry |3 pages
Personnel Allocation
entry |5 pages
Personnel Selection
entry |3 pages
Philadelphia Police Department
entry |3 pages
Physical Fitness Standards
entry |3 pages
Pinkerton, Allan
entry |3 pages
Police Careers
entry |4 pages
Police Chief Executive
entry |4 pages
Police Executive Research Forum
entry |3 pages
Police Foundation
entry |7 pages
Police in Urban America, 1860–1920
entry |10 pages
Police Legal Liabilities: Overview
entry |5 pages
Police Mediation
entry |4 pages
Police Misconduct: After the Rodney King Incident
entry |10 pages
Police Pursuits
entry |7 pages
Police Reform in an Era of Community and Problem-Oriented Policing
entry |5 pages
Police Reform: 1950–1970
entry |4 pages
Police Social Work Teams and Victim Advocates
entry |6 pages
Police Solidarity
entry |4 pages
Police Standards and Training Commissions
entry |5 pages
Police States
entry |3 pages
Police Suicide
entry |6 pages
Policing Multiethnic Communities
entry |6 pages
Policing Strategies
entry |2 pages
Policing the Olympics
entry |3 pages
Politics and the Police
entry |3 pages
Polygraphy
entry |3 pages
Pornography
entry |2 pages
Posse Comitatus
entry |3 pages
Post-Shooting Review
entry |3 pages
Presumptive Arrest Policing
entry |4 pages
Prisoner Reentry, Public Safety, and Crime
entry |5 pages
Private Policing
entry |3 pages
Probation and Parole
entry |8 pages
Problem-Oriented Policing
entry |3 pages
Professionalism
entry |4 pages
Psychological Fitness for Duty
entry |4 pages
Psychological Standards
entry |5 pages
Psychology and the Police
entry |4 pages
Public Housing Police
entry |3 pages
Public image of the Police
entry |2 pages
Public Safety, Defined
entry |5 pages
Public—Private Partnerships in Policing
letter 1093Q|6 pages
entry |6 pages
Quality-of-Life Policing
letter 1099R|50 pages
entry |7 pages
Racial Profiling
entry |3 pages
Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO)
entry |2 pages
Radelet, Louis A.
entry |2 pages
Reiss, Albert J., Jr.
entry |3 pages
Repeat Offender Programs
entry |4 pages
Research and Development
entry |8 pages
Responding to School Violence
entry |3 pages
Risk Management
entry |3 pages
Robbery
entry |4 pages
Role of the Police
entry |4 pages
Role of the Police
entry |2 pages
Rowand and Mayne, First Police Commissioners, United Kingdom
entry |3 pages
Rural and Small-Town Law Enforcement
entry |2 pages
Russian Policing
letter 1149S|89 pages
entry |3 pages
San Antonio Police Department
entry |4 pages
San Diego Community Policing
entry |2 pages
Sara, The Model
entry |4 pages
School Resource Officers
entry |4 pages
School Violence
entry |6 pages
Sergeants/Middle Management
entry |3 pages
Serial Murder
entry |3 pages
Sheriffs
entry |4 pages
Shift Work and Fatigue
entry |5 pages
Situational Crime Prevention
entry |2 pages
Smith, Bruce
entry |1 pages
Social Disorganization, Theory of
entry |4 pages
State Law Enforcement
entry |5 pages
Sting Tactics
entry |5 pages
Strategic Planning
entry |1 pages
Stress and Police Work
entry |2 pages
Stress: Coping Mechanisms
entry |3 pages
Strikes and Job Actions
entry |5 pages
Styles of Policing
entry |4 pages
Supervision
entry |3 pages
Supreme Court Decisions
entry |4 pages
Surveillance
entry |2 pages
Swat Teams
letter 1239T|64 pages
entry |5 pages
Technology and Police Decision Making
entry |4 pages
Technology and Strategic Planning
entry |5 pages
Technology and the Police
entry |3 pages
Technology, Records Management Systems, and Calls for Service
entry |4 pages
Television Images of Policing
entry |4 pages
Terrorism: Definitional Problems
entry |4 pages
Terrorism: Domestic
entry |7 pages
Terrorism: International
entry |5 pages
Terrorism: Overview
entry |3 pages
Terrorism: Police Functions Associated with
entry |3 pages
Texas Rangers
entry |4 pages
Theories of Policing
entry |4 pages
Traffic Services and Management
entry |6 pages
Transnational Organized Crime
entry |3 pages
Tribal Police
letter 1303U|20 pages
entry |4 pages
Undercover Investigations
entry |6 pages
Uniform Crime Reports
entry |3 pages
Unionization, Police
entry |3 pages
U.S. Border Patrol
entry |2 pages
U.S. Marshals Service
entry |2 pages
U.S. Secret Service
letter 1323V|22 pages
entry |4 pages
Victim Rights Movement in the United States
entry |5 pages
Victims' Attitudes Toward the Police
entry |3 pages
Video Technology in Policing
entry |4 pages
Vigilantism
entry |2 pages
Vollmer, August
entry |3 pages
Volunteers in Policing
entry |2 pages
Vorenberg, James
letter 1345W|24 pages
entry |4 pages
Weed and Seed
entry |2 pages
Western Peace Officer
entry |5 pages
White Collar Crime
entry |3 pages
Wickersham, George W.
entry |2 pages
Wilson, James Q.
entry |3 pages
Wilson, O. W.
entry |5 pages
Women in Law Enforcement
letter 1369X|3 pages
entry |3 pages
X-Ray Technology and Applications for Policing
letter 1373Y|12 pages
entry |3 pages
Youth Gangs: Definitions
entry |4 pages
Youth Gangs: Dimensions
entry |5 pages
Youth Gangs: Interventions and Results
letter 1385Z|4 pages
entry |4 pages
Zero Tolerance Policing
