A Political and Economic Dictionary of Africa

Abacha, Gen. Sani

Abbas, Ferhat

Abboud, Gen. Ibrahim

Abdel Aziz, Muhammad

Abubakir, Gen. Abdulsalami

Abyssinia

Acção Democrática Independente (ADI— Independent Democratic Action)

Acción Democrática y Progresista (ADP— Democratic and Progressive Action)

Acheampong, Col I.K.

ACP—see African, Caribbean and Pacific countries

Action tchadienne pour 1'unité et le socialisme (ACTUS—Chadian Action for Unity and Socialism)

Adja

Afewerki, Issaias

Africa

Africa Reinsurance Corporation (ARC)

African Action Plan

African, Caribbean and Pacific countries (ACP)

African Christian Democratic Party

African crisis

African Development Bank (ADB)

African Development Fund (ADF)

African Export-Import Bank

African Growth and Opportunity Act

African Institute for Economic Development and Planning (AIEDP)

African Mission in Burundi (AMIB)

African Muslims

African National Congress (ANC)

African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM)

African socialism

African stock exchange(s)

African Union (AU)

Afrikaans

Afrikaanse Weerstandsbeweging (AWB— Afrikaner Resistance Movement)

Afrikaners

Afrique équatoriale française (French Equatorial Africa)

Agence française de développement (AFD—French Development Agency)

Agriculture

Aguiyi-Aronsi, Gen. Johnson

Ahidjo, Ahmadou

Ahmed, Hocine Aït

Aid and development

Aideed, Gen.

Aix-les-Bains Conference

Akan

Akintola, Chief

Akuffo, Gen. F.W.K.

Alawite dynasty

Alexandria

Algeria, People's Democratic Republic of

Algeria, economy

Aliança Democrática de Angola (Democratic Alliance of Angola)

Aliança Democrática para a Mudança (ADM—Democratic Alliance for Change)

Alliance burundaise-africaine pour le salut (ABASA—BurundiAfrican Alliance for Salvation)

Alliance pour le Congo (AC—Alliance for the Congo)

Alliance congolaise pour l'ouverture, le salut et la solidarité (ACOSS—Congolese Alliance for Openness, Salvation and Solidarity)

Alliance pour la démocratie et le développement (ADD—Alliance for Democracy and Development)

Alliance pour la démocratie et la fédération-Rassemblement démocratique africain (ADF-RDA—Alliance for Democracy and Federation-African Democratic Rally)

Alliance pour la démocratie et le progrès (Alliance for Democracy and Progress)

Alliance démocratique pour le progrès du Cameroun (ADPC—Cameroon Democratic Alliance for Progress)

Alliance étoile (AE—Star Alliance)

Alliance des forces progressistes (AFP— Alliance of Progressive Forces)

Alliance impulsion pour le progrès et la démocratie (AIPD—Impulse for Progress and Democracy Alliance)

Alliance pour la justice and la démocratie (AJD—Alliance for Justice and Democracy)

Alliance pour une Mauritanie démocratique (AMD—Alliance for a Democratic Mauritania)

Alliance nationale pour la démocratie et le développement (ANDD—National Alliance for Democracy and Development)

Alliance nationale pour les droits et le développement économique (ANADDE— National Alliance for Rights and Economic Development)

Alliance nationale républicaine (ANR— National Republican Alliance)

Alliance nigérienne pour la democratic et le progrès (ANDP—Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Progress)

Alliance pour le progrès et l'émancipation des dépossédés (APED—Alliance for Progress and the Emancipation of the Dispossessed)

Alliance pour le progrès et la liberté (APL—Alliance for Progress and Freedom)

Alliance pour le redressement du Cameroun (ARC—Alliance for the Recovery of Cameroon)

Alliance suru (Suru Alliance)

Alliance tchadienne pour la démocratie et le développement (ATDD—Chadian Alliance for Democracy and Development)

De Almeida, Damião Vaz

Aluminium and bauxite

Amharic

Amin, Idi

de Andrade, Mário

Anglo-American Corporation

AngloGold Ashanti

Angola, Republic of

Angola, economy

Angolan Democratic Coalition

AngloGold

Anjouan—see Nzwani, Ankrah, Col Joseph

Annan, Kofi

Ansarollah Group

Apartheid

Aptidon, Hassan Gouled

Arab African International Bank

Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA)

Arab Common Market

Arab Economic Unity Council

Arab Free Trade Zone (AFTZ)

Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD)

Arab International Bank

Arab League (League of Arab States)

Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)

Arab Monetary Fund (AMF)

Arab socialism

Arab West

Arabic

Arab(s)

Armée islamique du salut (AIS—Islamic Salvation Army)

Arusha Declaration

Asari, Mujahid Dokubo

Asante—see Ashanti, Ascension Island

Ashanti (Asante)

Ashigga Party

Association of African Development Finance Institutions (AADFI)

Association sociale-démocrate du Cameroun (ASDC—Social Democrat Association of Cameroon)

Assoumani, Col Azali

AV-Intware (Alliance of the Brave)

Awololo, Chief Obafemi

Azanian People's Organization (AZAPO)

Al-Azhari, Ismail

Ba'athism

Ba'athists (Mauritania)

Babangida, Gen. Ibrahim

Bakassi Peninsula

Balewa, Sir Abubakar Tafawa

Baluba

Balubakat

Bambara

Banana, Rev. Canaan

Banda, Dr Hastings Kamuzu

Bandung Conference (1955)

Banque Centrale des Comores

Banque centrale des états de l'Afrique de l'ouest (BCEAO—Central Bank of West African States)

Banque Centrale Populaire (Crédit Populaire du Maroc)

Banque Commerciale du Maroc SA (BCM)

Banque de développement des états de l'Afrique centrale (BDEAC—Development Bank of Central African States)

Banque des états de l'Afrique centrale (BEAC—Bank of the Central African States)

Banque Marocaine du Commerce Extérieur (BMCE)

Banque Misr

Banque Ouest-Africaine de Développement (BOAD)

Banyamulenge

Baoule

Al-Baraka

Al-Barakaat

Bardo Treaty

al-Bashir, Lt-Gen. Omar Hassan Ahmad

Basutoland

Bechuanaland

Bechuanaland Democratic Party (BDP— see also Botswana Democratic Party)

Bechuanaland People's Party (BPP)

Bedouin(s)

Belhadj, Ali (Sheikh)

Ben Ali, Zine el-Abidine

Ben Bella, Ahmed

Benin, Republic of

Benin, economy

Benflis, Ali

Berber(s)

Bérenger, Paul

Berg Report

Berlin West Africa Conference

Bevin-Sforza Plan

Biafra

Biafra War

Biko, Stephen Bantu

Bin Laden, Osama

Bioko

Biya, Paul

Black Economic Empowerment (BEE)

Boer(s)

Boer War

Bokassa, Col Jean-Bédel

Bongo Ondimba, Omar (Albert-Bernard)

Borders

Botha, P.W.

Botwsana, Republic of

Botswana, economy

Botswana Alliance Movement (BAM)

Botswana Congress Party (BCP)

Botswana Democratic Party (BDP)

Botswana Independence Party (BIP)

Botswana Labour Party

Botswana National Front (BNF)

Botswana People's Party (BPP)

Botswana Progressive Union

Botswana Workers' Front

Boudiaf, Mohammed

Ould Boulkheir, Messaoud

Boumedienne, Houari

Bourguiba, Habib

Bouteflika, Abdelaziz

Boutros-Ghali, Boutros

Bozizé, Gen. François

Brazzaville Group

Bread riots

Brenthurst Group

Bretton Woods Institutions

British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT)

Broederbond (Brotherhood)

‘Buffalo Battalion’

Buhari, Maj.-Gen. Muhammadu

Burkina Faso

Burkina Faso, economy

Burundi, Republic of

Burundi, economy

Bushmen

Busia, Dr Kofi A.

Cabral, Amílcar

Cabral, Luís

Cameroon, Republic of

Cameroon, economy

Cameroon Anglophone Movement (CAM)

Compaoré, Blaise

Cape Colony

Cape of Good Hope

Cape Verde, Republic of

Cape Verde, economy

Casablanca Group

Casamance

Cell phones

Cen-Sad

Central African Federation

Central African Republic

Central African Republic, economy

Ceuta

CFA—see Communauté financière africaine Chad, Republic of

Chadli, Benjedid

Chagga

Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM— Revolutionary Party)

Chettiar, Angidi Varriah

Chiluba, Frederick

Chromium

CHUMA (Islands' Fraternity and Unity Party)

Civil war

Club 2002

Coalition des forces démocratiques (CFD— Coalition of Democratic Forces)

Coalition for Unity and Democracy (CUD)

Cobalt

Cocoa

Coffee

Collapsed states

Colonialism

Comissão de Libertação de São Tomé e Príncipe (CLSTP—Liberation Committee of São Tomé and Príncipe)

Comité politique d'action et de liaison (CPAL—Political Committee of Action and Liaison)

Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)

Commonwealth

Commonwealth Fund for Technical Cooperation (CFTC)

Commonwealth Heads of Government Meetings (CHOGMs)

Communauté économique de l'Afrique de l'ouest (CEAO—Economic Community of West Africa)

Communauté économique des états de l'Afrique centrale (CEEAC—Economic Community of Central African States)

Communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique centrale (CEMAC—Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa)

Communauté financière africaine

Comoros, Union of the

Comoros, economy

Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa (CPLP—Community of Portuguese-speaking Countries)

Conakat

Confédération générale des entreprises marocaines (CGEM)

Confederation of South African Trades Unions (COSATU)

Conflict

Conflict resolution

Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo)

Democratic Republic of the Congo, economy

Congo (Republic of the Congo)

Republic of the Congo, economy

Congo Free State

Congrès pour la démocratie et le progrès (CDP—Congress for Democracy and Progress)

Congrès national algérien (Algerian National Congress)

Congrès national ittihadi (CNI—National Ittihadi Congress)

Congrès pan-africain du Cameroun (CPC—Pan-African Congress of Cameroon)

Congress of the People

Conseil démocratique des partis politiques de l'opposition (CODEPO—Democratic Congress of the Political Parties of the Opposition)

Conseil démocratique révolutionnaire (CDR—Revolutionary Democratic Council)

Conseil de l'entente (Entente Council)

Conseil national pour la défense de la démocratie (CNDD—National Council for the Defence of Democracy)

Conté, Gen. Lansana

Convenção Nacional Democrata de Angola (CNDA—National Democrat Convention of Angola)

Convention pour la démocratie et la fédération (CDF—Convention for Democracy and Federation)

Convention pour la démocratie et le fédéralisme (CDF—Convention for Democracy and Federalism)

Convention pour la démocratie et le salut (CODESA—Convention for Democracy and Salvation)

Convention démocratique et sociale (CDS—Democratic and Social Convention)

Convention libérale (CL—Liberal Convention)

Convention nationale (CN—National Convention)

Convention nationale des démocrates progressistes (CNDP—National Convention of Progressive Democrats)

Convention nationale démocratique et sociale (CNDS—National Democratic and Social Convention)

Convention nationale pour la République et la solidarité (CNRS—National Convention for the Republic and Solidarity)

Convention pan-africaine sankariste (CPS—Pan-African Sankarist Convention)

Convention populaire de la résistance (CPR—Popular Resistance Convention)

Convergence nationale pour la paix et la réconciliation (CNPR—National Convergence for Peace and Reconciliation)

Convergência para la Democracia Social (CPDS—Convergence for Social Democracy)

Coordination des mouvements armés et partis politiques de l'opposition (CMAP—Co-ordination of Armed Movements and Opposition Political Parties)

Copper

Corruption

da Costa, Dr Manuel Pinto

Côte d'Ivoire, Republic of

Côte d'Ivoire, economy

Cotonou Agreement

Cotton

Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU)

Ould Daddah, Mokhtar

Dahomey—see also Benin

Dakar

Darfur

De Beers

Debt

Debt relief

Deby, Gen. Idriss

Declaration of Conakry

De Klerk, F.W.

Democracy

Democratic Alliance (DA)

Democratic Party (DP)

Democratic Unionist Party (DUP)

The Dergue (Committee)

Destour Party

Development aid/assistance

Devonshire Declaration

Diamonds

Diouf, Abdou

Diola

Dioula

Direct Path (Assirat al-Moustaquim, also known as Righteous Path)

Djibouti, Republic of

Djibouti, economy

Douala

Drought

East Africa

East African Community (EAC)

East African Customs Union

Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Ceasefire Monitoring Group (ECOMOG): mission to Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone

Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Ceasefire Monitoring Group (ECOMOG): first mission to Liberia

Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Ceasefire Monitoring Group (ECOMOG): mission to Sierra Leone

Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)

Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)

Economic growth in Africa

Education

Egypt, Arab Republic of

Egypt, economy

Egyptian Arab Socialist Party

Egyptian Islamic Jihad

Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty

Energy

Equatorial Customs Union

Equatorial Guinea

Equatorial Guinea, economy

Eritrea

Eritrea, economy

Ethiopia, Federal Democratic Republic of

Ethiopia, economy

Ethnic group(s) and ethnicity

Euro-Mediterranean Economic Area (EMEA)

Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EMP)

European Union (EU)

European Union-Mauritania

Ewe

Exports

Failed states

Famine

Fanti

Farouk

Fédération action pour la République (FAR—Action Federation for the Republic)

Fernando Póo

Fighting Islamic Group (FIG—al-Jama'a al-Islamiyyah al-Muqatilah bi-Libya)

Fisheries

Fon

Forces pour l'action républicaine (FAR—Forces for Republican Action)

Forces démocratiques unies (FDU—United Democratic Forces)

Forces nationales de libération (FNL—National Liberation Forces)

Forces pour le salut du Congo (FSC—Forces for the Salvation of Congo)

Forum civique (FC—Civic Forum)

Forum démocratique (FODE—Democratic Forum)

Forum démocratique pour la modernité (FODEM—Democratic Forum for Modernity)

Forum pour le redressement national (FRN—Forum for National Recovery)

Franc Zone

Francophone Africa

Free Officers' Movement

Freedom Charter

Freedom Front

French Guinea

French Protectorate of Morocco

French West Africa

Frente Democrata Cristã (FDC—Christian Democrat Front)

Frente de Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda (FLEC—Cabinda Enclave Liberation Front)

Frente de Libertação de Mozambique (Frelimo—Mozambique Liberation Front)

Frente Nacional de Libertação de Angola (FNLA)

Frente Popular para la Liberación de Saguia el-Hamra y Río de Oro (Frente POLISARIO—Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el-Hamra and Río de Oro)

Front d'action pour le renouveau, la démocratic et le déeveloppement-Alafia (FARD-Alafia—Action Front for Renewal, Democracy and Development-Alafia)

Front des alliés pour le changement (FAC—Allies' Front for Change)

Front pour la démocratic au Burundi (FRODEBU—Front for Democracy in Burundi)

Front démocratique (FD—Democratic Front)

Front démocratique (FD—Democratic Front)

Front démocratique et patriotique (FDP—Democratic Patriotic Front)

Front des forces démocratiques (FFD—Front of Democratic Forces)

Front des forces sociales (FFS—Social Forces Front)

Front des forces socialistes (FFS—Socialist Forces Front)

Front islamique du salut (FIS—Islamic Salvation Front)

Front de libération nationale (FLN—National Liberation Front)

Front de libération nationale du TchadConseil provisoire de la révolution (FROLINAT-CPR—National Liberation Front of Chad-Provisional Council of the Revolution)

Front national pour la justice (FNJ—National Front for Justice)

Front national du Tchad renové (FNTR—National Front of Chad Renewed)

Front patriotique pour le changement (FPC—Patriotic Front for Change)

Front patriotique pour le progrès (FPP—Patriotic Front for Progress)

Fru Ndi, John

Fuad, King

Fuerza Democráta Republicana (FDR—Democratic Republican Force)

Fulani

Fundamentalism

G8

G11

G77

Gabon

Gabon, economy

Galaydh, Ali Khalif

Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya (Islamic Group)

The Gambia, Republic of

The Gambia, economy

Garang, John

Gbagbo, Laurent

Gelleh, Ismael Omar

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

Genocide

German East Africa

Al-Ghad

Ghana, Republic of

Ghana, economy

Ghana-Guinea Union

Gleneagles Agreement

Globalization

Gold

Gold in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Gold in South Africa

Gold Coast

Gold Coast Colony

Government, change of

Gowon, Col Yakubu

Green Party

Groupe islamique armé (GIA—Armed Islamic Group)

Groupe islamique des combatants marocains (GICM—Islamic Group of Moroccan Combatants)

Groupe salafiste pour la prédication et le combat (GSPC—Salafist Group for Call and Combat)

Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR)

Guinea, Republic of

Guinea, economy

Guinea-Bissau, Republic of

Guinea-Bissau, economy

Habré, Hissène

Quld Haidalla, Lt-Col Khouna

Haile Selassie

Hamas (Algeria)

Hamrouche, Mouloud

Hassan II (Moulay Hassan Muhammadi ibn Yussuf)

Hausa

Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative

HIV/AIDS in Africa

Houphouët-Boigny, Dr Félix

Hutu(s)

Ibadism

Ibo(s)

Idris I, Said Mohammad

Imperialism

Independence

Indian National Congress (INC)

Informal economy

Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP)

Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)

Intergovernmental Authority on Drought and Development (IGADD)

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development—see World Bank International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)

International financial institutions

International financing facility

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Investment Climate Facility for Africa (ICF)

Iran-Libya Sanctions Act (ILSA)

Al-Irshad wa'l Islah (Movement for Guidance and Reform)

Islam

Islamic banking

Islamic Development Bank (IDB)

Islamic fundamentalism

Islamic government

Islamic Group (al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya)

Islamic Jihad (al-Jihad al-Islami)

Islamic Martyrs Movement (IMM)

Issa(s)

Istiqlal

Al-Jabha al-Islamiyya li-Inqadh—see Front islamique du salut

Jam'iyyat at-Takfir wa'l-Hijra (Society of Excommunication and Emigration)

Jammeh, Col (retd) Alhaji Yahya A.J.J.

Jawara, Dawda Kairaba

Jugnauth, Sir Anerood

Kabbah, Alhaji Ahmed Tejan

Kabila, Maj.-Gen. Joseph

Kabila, Laurent-Désiré

Kagame, Maj.-Gen. Paul

Kamerun

Kasavubu, Joseph

Katanga

Katibat el-Ahoual

Kaunda, Kenneth

Keita, Modibo

Kenya, Republic of

Kenya, economy

Kenya African Democratic Union (KADU)

Kenya African National Union (KANU)

Kenya African Union (KAU)

Kenya Commercial Bank (KCB)

Kenya People's Union (KPU)

Kenyatta, Jomo

Kérékou, Mathieu

Khartoum Declaration

Kibaki, Mwai

Kiir, Salva

Kikuyu

Kufuor, John Agyekum

Kwa Zulu

Lagos Plan of Action

Lancaster House Agreement

Leon, Anthony (Tony)

Lesotho, Kingdom of

Lesotho, economy

Liberia, Republic of

Liberia, economy

Libya (Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya)

Libya, economy

Libyan Change and Reform Movement

Libyan Conservatives' Party

Libyan Constitutional Grouping

Libyan Democratic Authority

Libyan Democratic Conference

Libyan Democratic Movement

Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyyah alMuqatilah bi-Libya)

Ligue islamique de la daawa et le djihad (LIDD—Islamic League of Call and Jihad)

Locusts

Lockerbie

Lomé Convention(s)

Lord's Resistance Army (LRA)

Ould Louly, Lt-Col Mohammed Mahmoud

Lumumba, Patrice

Luo

Lusaka Agreement

Lusaka Protocol

Macroeconomic Research Group (MERG)

Madagascar, Republic of

Madagascar, economy

Madani, Abbasi

Maghreb

Al-Mahdi, Sadiq

Malaria

Malawi, Republic of

Malawi, economy

Mali, Republic of

Mali, economy

Malloum, Gen. Félix

Mande

Mandela, Nelson

Mandinke

Mano River Union (MRU)

Margai, Sir Albert

Margai, Sir Milton

Mars 23 (23 March)

Marxism

Marxist-Leninism

Masai

Mashreq

Mau Mau

Mauritanian African Liberation Forces (MALF)

Mauritania, Islamic Republic of

Mauritania, economy

Mauritius, Republic of

Mauritius, economy

Mayotte

Mayotte, economy

M'Ba, Léon

Mbeki, Thabo

Mediterranean Free Trade Area

Melilla

Mende

De Menezes, Fradique

Middle Congo

Migration

Military

Military expenditure

Millennium Challenge Account (MCA)

Millennium Challenge Corporation

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

Mineral production

Minurso

Mlambo-Ngcuka, Phumzile

Mobutu, Joseph-Désiré (Mobutu Sese Seko)

Modise, Joe

Mohammed VI, King

Moi, Daniel arap

Momoh, Maj.-Gen. Joseph

Monrovia Group

Mont Fleur scenarios

Morocco, Kingdom of

Morocco, economy

Mosisili, Bethuel Pakalitha

Moto, Severe

Mouvement africain pour la democratic et le progrès (MADEP—African Movement for Democracy and Progress)

Mouvement africain pour la nouvelle indépendance et la democratic (MANIDEM—African Movement for New Independence and Democracy)

Mouvement algérien pour la justice et le développement (MAJD)

Mouvement des citoyens pour la République (MCR—Citizens' Movement for the Republic)

Mouvement congolais pour la démocratic et le développement intégral (MCDDI—Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development)

Mouvement pour la défense de la République (MDR—Movement for the Defence of the Republic)

Mouvement des démocrates socialistes (MDS—Movement of Socialist Democrats)

Mouvement pour la démocratic et la citoyenneté (MDC—Movement for Democracy and Citizenship)

Mouvement pour la démocratic et le développement (MOD—Movement for Democracy and Development)

Mouvement pour la démocratic et le développement (MOD—Movement for Democracy and Development)

Mouvement pour la démocratie, l'indépendance et le progrès social (MDIPS—Movement for Democracy, Independence and Social Progress)

Mouvement pour la démocratic et la justice au Tchad (MDJT—Movement for Democracy and Justice in Chad)

Mouvement pour la démocratic et le progrès (MDP—Movement for Democracy and Progress)

Mouvement pour la démocratic et le progrès (MDP—Movement for Democracy and Progress)

Mouvement démocratique et social (MDS—Democratic and Social Movement)

Mouvement démocratique et social (Democratic and Social Movement)

Mouvement de l'évolution sociale de l'Afrique noire (MESAN—Social Evolution Movement of Black Africa)

Mouvement pour la jeunesse du Cameroun (MLJC—Movement for the Youth of Cameroon)

Mouvement pour la libération et le développement du Cameroun (MLDC—Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon)

Mouvement pour la libération du Congo (MLC—Movement for the Liberation of the Congo)

Mouvement pour la libération du peuple centrafricain (MLPC—Liberation Movement of the Central African People)

Mouvement pour la liberté

Mouvement national populaire (MNP—National Popular Movement)

Mouvement national pour une société de développement-Nassara (MNSD-Nassara—National Movement for a Development Society-Nassara)

Mouvement patriotique du salut (MPS—Patriotic Salvation Movement)

Mouvement populaire (MP—Popular Movement)

Mouvement populaire anjouanais (MPA—Popular Movement of Anjouan)

Mouvement populaire pour la démocratic (MPD—Popular Movement for Democracy)

Mouvement populaire de la révolution (MPR—Popular Movement of the Revolution)

Mouvement de la réforme nationale (MRN—Movement of National Reform)

Mouvement de la renaissance islamique/Harakat an-Nahda al-Islamiyya (MRI—Movement of the Islamic Renaissance)

Mouvement de la résistance pour la réhabilitation du citoyen (MRCRurenzangemero—Resistance Movement for the Rehabilitation of the Citizen)

Mouvement social pour la nouvelle démocratic (MSND—Social Movement for New Democracy)

Mouvement pour le socialisme et la démocratic (MSB—Movement for Socialism and Democracy)

Mouvement de la tendance islamique (MTI—Islamic Tendency Movement)

Mouvement pour l'unité et la République (MUR—Movement for Unity and the Republic)

Movement for Democratic Change (MDC)

Movement of Patriotic Libyans

Movimento para a Democracia (MPD—Movement for Democracy)

Movimento Democrático Força da Mudança-Partido Liberal (MDFM-PL—Force for Change Democratic Movement-Liberal Party)

Movimento de Libertação de São Tomé e Príncipe—Partido Social Democrata (MLSTP—PSD, Liberation Movement of São Tomé and Príncipe-Social Democrat Party)

Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (MPLA—Popular Liberation Movement of Angola)

Mozambique, Republic of