ABSTRACT

There is no doubt that the triads have become recognized as a sophisticated and international criminal force and, following the handover of Hong Kong to China, there have been increasing fears that their influence will spread to the West through emigration. This book investigates the reality behind the myth with a study of the Hong Kong triads, generally regarded as the headquarters of triad societies throughout the world. Yiu Kong Chu examines their origins, their organized extortion from legitimate businesses large and small, and their more recent moves into illegal activities such as drug trafficking, human smuggling and gambling.

Contrary to the popular belief that Hong Kong triads are replacing the Italian Mafia as the most powerful criminal organization in the world, this book argues that Hong Kong triads may be declining, as other ethnic Chinese crime gangs emerge as powerful crime groups in Western societies.

Based on interviews with ex triad members and victims of the triads, police from Hong Kong, mainland China and Europe, as well as documentary evidence The Triads as Business gives a vivid and compelling picture of the triads as part of a wider society.

chapter 1|8 pages

Triads, business, and markets

part |2 pages

Part I The triads

chapter 2|11 pages

Origins

chapter 3|19 pages

Organisation

part |2 pages

Part II Legal markets

chapter 4|10 pages

Protection against extortionists

chapter 7|4 pages

Dispute settlement

part |2 pages

Part III Illegal markets

chapter 8|5 pages

Drug dealing

chapter 9|11 pages

Gambling

chapter 10|8 pages

Prostitution

part |2 pages

Part IV International markets

chapter 11|6 pages

Drug trafficking

chapter 12|6 pages

Human smuggling

part |2 pages

Part V Implications and reflections