ABSTRACT

* Examines the history and philosophy of the mathematical sciences in a cultural context, tracing their evolution from ancient times up to the twentieth century
* 176 articles contributed by authors of 18 nationalities
* Chronological table of main events in the development of mathematics
* Fully integrated index of people, events and topics
* Annotated bibliographies of both classic and contemporary sources
* Unique coverage of Ancient and non-Western traditions of mathematics

part |15 pages

Introduction

part |150 pages

Ancient and Non-Western Traditions

entry |9 pages

Babylonian Mathematics

entry |16 pages

Egyptian Mathematics

entry |12 pages

Greek Mathematics to AD 300

entry |6 pages

Greek Applied Mathematics

entry |6 pages

Later Greek and Byzantine mathematics

entry |10 pages

Pure mathematics in Islamic civilization

entry |5 pages

Mathematics Applied to Aspects of Religious Ritual in Islam

entry |8 pages

Mathematics in Africa

entry |11 pages

Chinese Mathematics

entry |7 pages

Indigenous Japanese Mathematics, Wasan

entry |7 pages

Korean Mathematics

entry |13 pages

Indian Mathematics

entry |6 pages

Tibetan Astronomy and Mathematics

entry |6 pages

Mathematics in Medieval Hebrew Literature

entry |7 pages

Maya Mathematics

entry |10 pages

The Beginnings of Counting and Number

entry |7 pages

Some ancient Solutions to the Problem of Fractioning Numbers

part |119 pages

The Western Middle Ages and the Renaissance

entry |4 pages

Introduction

entry |12 pages

Euclidean and Archimedean Traditions in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance

entry |7 pages

Practical Geometry in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance

entry |8 pages

The ‘ Coss' Tradition in algebra

entry |10 pages

Abbacus Arithmetic

entry |19 pages

Logarithms

entry |11 pages

Medieval and Renaissance Mechanics

entry |11 pages

Astronomy

entry |8 pages

Mathematical Methods in Medieval and Renaissance Technology, and Machines

entry |7 pages

Mathematical Optics from Antiquity to the Seventeenth Century

entry |9 pages

Musical Intervals

entry |6 pages

The teaching of Mathematics in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance

entry |5 pages

The Philosophical Context of Medieval and Renaissance Mathematics

part |202 pages

Calculus and Mathematical Analysis

entry |3 pages

Introduction

entry |16 pages

Precalculus, 1635–1665

entry |10 pages

Three Traditions in the Calculus

entry |13 pages

Real-Variable Analysis from Cauchy to Non-Standard Analysis

entry |11 pages

Differential Geometry

entry |9 pages

Calculus of variations

entry |9 pages

Set Theory and Point Set Topology

entry |7 pages

Integral, Content and Measure

entry |8 pages

The Early History of Fractals, 1870–1920

entry |10 pages

Functional Analysis

entry |10 pages

Integral Equations

entry |24 pages

Harmonic Analysis

entry |13 pages

Three Traditions in Complex Analysis

entry |8 pages

Geometry in Complex Function Theory

entry |12 pages

Ordinary Differential Equations

entry |18 pages

Partial Differential Equations

entry |5 pages

Differential Equations and Groups

entry |14 pages

Potential Theory

part |106 pages

Functions, Series and Methods in Analysis

entry |1 pages

Introduction

entry |7 pages

The Binomial Theorem

entry |5 pages

An Overview of Trigonometry and its Functions

entry |16 pages

Infinite Series and Solutions of Ordinary Differential Equations, 1670–1770

entry |9 pages

Special Functions

entry |11 pages

Elliptic Integrals and Functions

entry |5 pages

Abelian Integrals

entry |5 pages

Operator Methods

entry |7 pages

The Laplace Transform

entry |6 pages

Functional Equations

entry |4 pages

The Roots of Equations

entry |6 pages

Solving Higher-Degree Equations

entry |12 pages

Nomography

entry |10 pages

General Numerical Mathematics

part |113 pages

Logics, Set Theories and the Foundations of Mathematics

entry |3 pages

Introduction

entry |17 pages

Algebraic Logic from Boole to Schröder, 1840–1900

entry |12 pages

Mathematical Logic and Logicism from Peano to Quine, 1890–1940

entry |6 pages

The Set-Theoretic Paradoxes

entry |9 pages

Logic and Set Theory

entry |12 pages

Metamathematics and Computability

entry |9 pages

Constructivism

entry |5 pages

Polish Logics

entry |10 pages

Model Theory

entry |7 pages

Some Current Positions in The Philosophy of Mathematics

entry |7 pages

Algorithms and Algorithmic Thinking Through the Ages

entry |7 pages

Calculating Machines

entry |7 pages

Computing and Computers

part |133 pages

Algebras and Number Theroy

entry |2 pages

Introduction

entry |9 pages

The Theory of Equations from Cardano to Galois, 1540–1830

entry |8 pages

Complex Numbers and Vector Algebra

entry |11 pages

Continued Fractions

entry |20 pages

Fundamental Concepts of Abstract Algebra

entry |5 pages

Lie Groups

entry |9 pages

Determinants

entry |12 pages

Matrix Theory

entry |7 pages

Determinants

entry |12 pages

The Philosophy of Algebra

entry |22 pages

Number theory

entry |9 pages

Linear optimization

entry |5 pages

Operational research

part |123 pages

Geometries and Topology

entry |2 pages

Introduction

entry |13 pages

Algebraic and analytic geometry

entry |6 pages

Curves

entry |11 pages

Regular polyhedra

entry |10 pages

Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometry

entry |10 pages

Descriptive geometry

entry |11 pages

Projective geometry

entry |5 pages

Line geometry

entry |7 pages

The philosophy of geometry to 1900

entry |7 pages

Early modern algebraic geometry

entry |12 pages

Topology

entry |8 pages

Topology

entry |5 pages

Finite-dimensional vector spaces

entry |14 pages

Combinatorics

part |172 pages

Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering

entry |2 pages

Introduction

entry |16 pages

Classical mechanics

entry |7 pages

Graphical statics

entry |8 pages

Kinematics

entry |4 pages

Feedback control systems

entry |17 pages

Hydrodynamics and hydraulics

entry |11 pages

Theories of elasticity

entry |10 pages

The theory of structures

entry |10 pages

The dynamics of the Solar System

entry |9 pages

The three-body problem

entry |6 pages

Astrophysics and cosmology

entry |6 pages

Ballistics and Projectiles

entry |7 pages

The pendulum:

entry |12 pages

Geodesy

entry |14 pages

Cartography

entry |6 pages

The Tides

entry |6 pages

Shipbuilding and Ship Operation

entry |12 pages

Astronomical navigation

part |142 pages

Physics and Mathematical Physics, and Electrical Engineering

entry |10 pages

Physical optics

entry |5 pages

The velocity of light

entry |7 pages

Optics and optical instruments, 1600–1800

entry |6 pages

Heat diffusion

entry |12 pages

Thermodynamics

entry |6 pages

Geophysics

entry |6 pages

Meteorology

entry |7 pages

Acoustics

entry |6 pages

Capillarity

entry |12 pages

Mathematical theories of electricity and magnetism to 1900

entry |8 pages

Telecommunication Theory

entry |7 pages

Electrical machines

entry |7 pages

Relativity

entry |10 pages

Statistical mechanics

entry |9 pages

Quantum mechanics

entry |8 pages

Mathematics in chemistry

entry |6 pages

Crystallography

entry |6 pages

Mathematical biology

part |143 pages

Probability and Statistics, and the Social Sciences

entry |3 pages

Introduction

entry |7 pages

Combinatorial Probability

entry |10 pages

The Early Development of Mathematical Probability

entry |6 pages

Actuarial Mathematics

entry |6 pages

Estimating and Testing the Standard Linear Statistical Model

entry |10 pages

Theory of Errors

entry |10 pages

Russian Probability and Statistics Before Kolmogorov

entry |6 pages

The English Biometric Tradition

entry |10 pages

Probability, Statistics and the Social Sciences

entry |6 pages

Psychology and Probability

entry |6 pages

Probability and statistics in genetics

entry |8 pages

Probability and Statistics in Agronomy

entry |6 pages

Probabilistic and Statistical Methods in Medicine

entry |9 pages

Probability and Statistics in Mechanics

entry |6 pages

Statistical Control of Manufacture

entry |7 pages

The Social Organization of Probability and Statistics

entry |8 pages

Foundations of Probability

entry |8 pages

Philosophies of Probability

entry |9 pages

Mathematical Economics

part |115 pages

Higher Education and Institutions

entry |3 pages

Introduction

entry |12 pages

France

entry |15 pages

Germany to 1933

entry |8 pages

Austria and Hungary

entry |7 pages

The Netherlands

entry |5 pages

Scandinavia

entry |7 pages

Russia and the Soviet Union

entry |11 pages

The British Isles

entry |10 pages

The Italian States

entry |7 pages

Spain, Portugal and Ibero-America, 1780–1930

entry |14 pages

The United States of America, and Canada

entry |7 pages

Women and Mathematics

entry |7 pages

Mathematical Journals

part |133 pages

Mathematics and Culture

entry |2 pages

Introduction

entry |10 pages

Ethnomathematics

entry |13 pages

Mathematical Games

entry |8 pages

Recreational Mathematics

entry |9 pages

The Golden Number, and Division in Extreme and Mean Ratio

entry |8 pages

Numerology and Gematria

entry |19 pages

Art and Architecture

entry |12 pages

Symmetries in Mathematics

entry |9 pages

Tilings

entry |11 pages

Mathematics and Prose Literature

entry |6 pages

Mathematics and Poetry

entry |9 pages

Stamping Mathematics

entry |6 pages

Monuments to Mathematics and Mathematicians

entry |11 pages

Talepiece

part |44 pages

Introduction

entry |1 pages

Introduction

entry |6 pages

Select Bibliography of General Sources

entry |11 pages

Chronology

entry |16 pages

Biographical Notes

entry |8 pages

List of Authors and Board Members