The Routledge International Encyclopedia of Education

Abacus

Abelard, Peter (1079–1142)

Ability

Ability Grouping

Academic/Academic Profession

Academic Freedom

Academy

Accountability

Accreditation

Accreditation of Prior Achievement/Learning

Action Research

Activity Theory

Addams, Jane (1860–1935)

Adult Education

Africa

Alternative Education

Alumni

American Educational Research Association (AERA)

Andragogy

Anthropology of Education

Antiracist Education

Apprenticeship

Approved School

Aptitude

Aristotle (384–322 bce)

Arithmetic

Armed Forces

Arnold, Matthew (1822–88)

Arnold, Thomas (1795–1842)

Art

Ascham, Roger (1515–68)

Assessment

Athenaeum

Attainment

Australia

Australian Association for Research in Education (AARE)

Autism

Autodidact

Autonomy

Baseline Assessment

Basic Skills

Beecher, Catharine (1800–78)

Behaviourism

Bell Curve

Benchmarking

Bernstein, Basil (1925–2000)

Bicultural Education

Bilingual Education

Binary System

Binet, Alfred (1857–1911)

Biology

Blind, Teaching of

Bloom, Benjamin (1913–99)

Boarding School/Education

Bourdieu, Pierre (1930–2000)

Brain Drain

Brazil

British Council

British Educational Research Association (BERA)

Bruner, Jerome (1915–)

Bullying

Burt, Cyril (1883–1971)

Business School/Education

Canada

Career Guidance

Caribbean

Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching

Case Study

Catchment Area

Catholic School/Education

Centralisation/Decentralisation

Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI)

Certificate/Certification

Chancellor

Charities, Educational

Charter School

Chemistry

Child Development

Child Guidance

Child-Centred Education

Children's Literature

China

Church

Citizenship/Civics

Class Size

Classical Education

Classical Studies

Classroom

Classroom Management

Classroom Observation

Coeducation

Cognition

Colet, John (1467–1519)

Collaborative/Cooperative Learning

College

Comenius, Jan Amos (1592–1670)

Common School

Community Education

Comparative Education

Compensatory Education

Comprehension

Comprehensive School/Education

Compulsory Education

Computer-Assisted Learning

Computer Studies

Conant, James Bryant (1893–1978)

Condorcet, Marie-Jean (1743–94)

Constructivism

Continued/Continuing Professional Development

Continuing Education

Continuous Assessment

Core Curriculum/National Curriculum

Core Skills/Core Competencies

Corporal Punishment

Correspondence Course

Correspondence Theory

Counselling

Coursework

Crafts

Cramming

Creativity

Crèche

Credential Society

Credentials/Credentialing

Criterion-Referenced Tests

Critical Pedagogy

Critical Theory

Cuba

Cultural Capital

Cultural Studies

Cultural Transmission

Culture

Curriculum

Curriculum Development

Curriculum Differentiation

Curriculum Policy and Implementation

Curriculum Standards/Programmes of Study

Day Release

Dean

Degree

Delinquency

Department

Department for International Development (DFID)

Deschooling

Detention

Development Plan

Dewey, John (1859–1952)

Diagnostic Assessment

Didactics/Didacticism

Diploma

Diploma Disease

Disaffection

Discipline

Discovery Method/Learning

Distance Education/Learning

Doctorate

Don

Drama

Dropouts

Dual System

Dubois, William E. B. (1868–1963)

Durkheim, Emile (1858–1917)

Dyslexia

Early Childhood Education

Early School Leaving

East Asia

Economics

Economics of Education

Edgeworth, Maria (1767–1849)

Education

Education for All

Education Policy

Education/Educational Studies

Educational Broadcasting

Educational Leadership and Management

Educational Priority Area

Educational Publishing

Educational Research

Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC)

Educational Targets

Educational Technology

Educational Theory

Educationist/Educationalist

Egalitarianism

Egypt

E-Learning

Elementary School

Eliot, Charles William (1834–1926)

Elitism

Elyot, Sir Thomas (c.1490–1546)

Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties/Disorders (EBD)

Endowment

Engineering

English

Environmental Education

Equality of Opportunity

Equity

Ethnography

Europe

European Educational Research Association (EERA)

Evaluation

Evidence-Based Policy/Practice

Examinations

Excellence

Exclusion/Expulsion

Experiential Learning

Experimental Research

Extracurriculum

Extra-Mural Class

Faculty

Faculty Psychology

Family

Feminist Theory

Ferry, Jules François Camille (1832–93)

Finland

Formative Assessment

Forster, William Edward (1818–86)

Foucault, Michel (1926–84)

Foundation Degree

France

Franchising

Freinet, Celestin (1896–1966)

Freire, Paolo (1921–97)

Freud, Sigmund (1856–1939)

Froebel, Friedrich (1782–1852)

Functionalism

Further Education

Galton, Francis (1822–1911)

Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (Mahatma) (1869–1948)

Gardner, Howard (1943-)

Gate-Keeping

Gender Studies

Geography

Germany

Giftedness

Globalisation

Grades

Graduate/Graduation

Grammar

Grammar of Schooling

Grammar School

Greece

Guizot, François Pierre Guillaume (1787–1874)

Habermas, Jürgen (1929–)

Habitus

Hall, Granville Stanley (1844–1924)

Harris, William Torrey (1835–1909)

Head Teacher/Principal

Health Education

Herbart, Johann Friedrich (1776–1841)

Hidden Curriculum

High School

High-Stakes Testing

Higher Education

History

History of Education

Home Economics/Domestic Science

Home Schooling

Homework

Hyperactivity

Illich, Ivan (1926–2002)

Inclusive Education

Independent/Private School/Education

India

Indigenous Education

Individualised Instruction/Personalised Learning

Indoctrination

Indonesia

Industrial Training

Informal/Nonformal Learning

In-service Education

Inspection

Instruction

Integration

Intelligence/Intelligence Tests

Intermediate/Middle School

International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA)

International Bureau of Education (IBE)

International Council for Adult Education (ICAE)

International Education

International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP)

Iran

Iraq

Isaacs, Susan Sutherland (1885–1948)

Israel

Italy

Japan

Jesuit Education

John of Salisbury (c.1115–80)

Jowett, Benjamin (1817–93)

Junior School

Kay-Shuttleworth, Sir James (1804–77)

Keate, John (1773–1852)

Kerr, Clark (1911–2003)

Kindergarten

Knowledge Economy

Knox, John (1505–72)

Kohlberg, Lawrence (1927–87)

Lancaster, Joseph (1778–1838)

Lane, Homer (1875–1925)

Latin America

Law

Learning

Learning Career

Learning Community

Learning Curve

Learning Disabilities/Difficulties

Learning Society

Learning Styles

Lecture/Lecturer

Lesson

Liberal Education

Lifelong Learning

Literacy

Locke, John (1632–1704)

Lowe, Robert (1811–92)

Lyceum

Magnet School

Makarenko, Anton Simeonovitch (1888–1939)

Makiguchi, Tsunesaburo (1871–1944)

Malaysia

Managerialism

Mann, Horace (1796–1859)

Mannheim, Karl (1893–1947)

Marking

Maslow, Abraham Harold (1908–70)

Master's

Mathematics

Matriculation

Mature Student

McMillan, Margaret (1860–1931)

Mead, George Herbert (1863–1931)

Mead, Margaret (1901–78)

Mechanics' Institute

Medicine

Mediterranean

Mentor/Mentoring

Merit

Meritocracy

Metropolitanism

Mill, John Stuart (1806–73)

Mission Statement

Mixed-Ability Teaching

Modern Languages

Modular/Module

Monitor

Monitorial System

Montessori, Maria (1870–1952)

Moral Education

Motivation

Mulcaster, Richard (c.1530–1611)

Multicultural Education

Multigrade Education

Multiple-Choice Tests

Museum Education

Music

Nature Study

Neill, Alexander Sutherland (1883–1973)

Newman, John Henry (1801–90)

New Zealand/Aotearoa

Nigeria

Nordic Educational Research Association (NERA)/Nordisk Förening för Pedagogiska Forskning (NFPF)

Normal School

Norm-Referenced Tests

Numeracy

Nursery School

Objective Tests

Oceania

Open Learning

Open Plan

Open University

Oral Examinations

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

Owen, Robert (1771–1858)

Pakistan

Parental Choice

Parity of Esteem

Parkhurst, Helen (1887–1973)

Partnerships, Educational

Pastoral Care

Pedagogy

Peer Group

Performance Indicators

Performance-Related Pay

Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich (1746–1827)

Philosophy of Education

Phonics

Phrenology

Physical Education/Training

Physics

Piaget, Jean (1896–1980)

Plagiarism

Plato

Playground

Politics of Education

Polynesia

Polytechnic

Positive Discrimination/Affirmative Action

Postgraduate

Postmodernism

Practitioner Research

Prefect

Primary School/Education

Privatisation/Marketisation

Proctor

Profession/Professionalism/Professionalisation

Professional Education

Professor

Programmed Learning

Progression

Progressive Education

Project Method

Psychology

Psychology of Education

Psychometrics

Public Library

Public School

Pupil

Pupil Mobility

Qualifications

Qualitative Research

Quantitative Research

Quintilian (35–95 ce)

Reader

Reading

Reception Class

Recruitment

Rector

Recurrent Education

Reddie, Cecil (1858–1932)

Reflective Practitioner

Religious Assembly

Religious Education

Religious School

Restructuring

Retention

Rhodes Trust

Rice, Joseph Mayer (1857–1934)

Riesman, David (1909–2002)

Robbins, Lionel (1898–1984)

Rogers, Carl (1902–87)

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1712–78)

Rugg, Harold (1886–1960)

Rural Education

Russia

Sabbatical

Sadler, Michael (1780–1835)

Sadler, Michael Ernest (1861–1943)

Sandwich Course

Sarason, Seymour (1919–)

Scandinavia

Scholar

Scholarship

Scholasticism

Schön, Donald (1930–97)

School

School-Based Management

School Change

School Culture

School Effectiveness

School Improvement

School Journeys

School Knowledge

School Leadership

School Reform

School Reports

School Security

School Violence

Science/Science Education

Scout Association

Secondary School/Education

Segregation/Desegregation

Selection

Self-Directed Learning

Semester/Term

Seminar

Seminary

Setting

Sex Education

Singapore

Situated Cognition/Learning

Sixth Form

Skills

Skinner, Burrhus Fredric (1904–90)

Social Capital

Social Constructivism

Social Control

Social Exclusion/Inclusion

Social Promotion

Social Reconstructionism

Social Reproduction

Social Studies

Sociology

Sociology of Education

Socratic Method

South Africa

Spearman, Charles (1863–1945)

Special Education/Special Educational Needs/Special Needs

Specialisation

Spelling

Spencer, Herbert (1802–1903)

Spiral Curriculum

Sponsored and Contest Mobility

Standardised Tests

Standards

Steiner, Rudolf (1861–1925)

Stenhouse, Lawrence (1927–82)

Streaming/Tracking

Student

Student Finance/Loans

Subjects

Summative Assessment

Summer School

Sunday School

Supply/Substitute Teaching

Suspension

Sweden

Syllabus

Systemic Reform

Tanzania

Tawney, Richard Henry (1880–1962)

Teacher

Teacher Cultures

Teacher Education/Training

Teacher Unions

Teaching/Teaching Methods

Teaching Assistant

Teaching Profession

Technical Education/School/College

Technocrat/Technocratic/Technocracy

Technology

Terman, Lewis Madison (1877–1956)

Tertiary Education

Test/Testing

Textbook

Thelwall, John (1764–1834)

Theology

Thesis/Dissertation

Thorndike, Edward Lee (1874–1949)

Training

Transition Education

Travellers, Education of

Truancy

Tuition/Tutor/Tutorial

Tyler, Ralph (1902–94)

Underachievement

Undergraduate

Underperforming/Failing School

United Kingdom

United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

United States

Universal Education/Mass Education

University

University Extension

Urban Education

Value Added

Vice-Chancellor

Virtual Learning

Visual Aids

Vocational Education

Voluntarism

Vouchers

Vygotsky, Lev (1896–1934)

Washington, Booker T. (1856–1915)

Web-Based Learning

Weber, Max (1864–1920)

Whole-Class Teaching

William of Wykeham (1324–1404)

Wollstonecraft, Mary (1759–97)

Work-Based/Work-Located/Workplace/Work-Related Learning

Work Experience

Workers' Education

Workers' Educational Association (WEA)

World Bank

World Education Fellowship (WEF)

Wrangler/Wooden Spoon

Writing

Young, Michael (1915–2002)

Youth Club/Work

Zone of Proximal Development

Zoning